Effect of pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study in a single center / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 68 patients with SAP admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January, 2019 to July, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 38 males and 30 females, aged (44.85±8.51) years old. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment modality: the conservative group ( n=41) which received the conservative management, and the stent group ( n=27) which underwent pancreatic duct stent implantation and conservative management. The basic information, parenteral nutrition support time, fasting days, and other clinical data of patients were collected. Serum amylase, white blood cell count, acute physiology and chronic health (APACHE) II score and CT score were compared between the two groups at admission and 48 hours after treatment. Results:The serum amylase, white blood cell count, APACHE II score and CT score of the two groups were significantly lower after treatment (all P<0.05). Compared with the conservative group, the APACHE II score [(5.52±2.15) vs. (8.76±2.50)] and CT score [(4.85±1.96) vs. (6.18±1.07)] of patients were lower in the stent group after treatment (both P<0.05). Pancreatic duct stents were successfully implanted in all 27 patients of the stent group. Intubation to the main pancreatic duct failed in one patient, while the accessory pancreatic duct was alternatively intubated through the accessory nipple. No severe complications such as iatrogenic pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation occurred after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The incidence of postoperative local complications was lower [18.52%(5/27) vs. 41.46%(17/41)], the proportion of antibiotic use>3 types [29.63%(8/27) vs. 56.10%(23/41)] decreased, and the analgesic episodes decreased [2(1, 3) vs. 4(3, 6)] in the stent group. The antibiotic usage duration [8(3, 11) d vs. 13(10, 19) d], the parenteral nutrition time [7(4, 15)d vs. 15(8, 18)d], the fasting time [5(3, 11) d vs. 11(6, 13)d] and the hospital stay [10(5, 16) d vs. 15(13, 23)d] were all shortened (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Both conservative management and pancreatic duct stenting can alleviate the clinical symptoms of SAP, and pancreatic duct stenting could help reduce local complications, relieve symptoms, and shorten hospital stay.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of Wolfram syndrome and related molecular mechanism / 中华预防医学杂志

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic spectrum disorder characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness, accompanied by other variable clinical manifestations. At present, the prognosis of this syndrome is very poor, the specific molecular mechanism is not clear, effective treatments are lacking to delay, prevent or reverse the development of Wolfram syndrome, and many patients die prematurely due to severe neurological dysfunction. This increases the urgency of the research on the pathogenic molecular mechanism related to Wolfram syndrome and the development of new therapies. This article summarizes the research progress on the pathogenic molecular mechanism and treatment status of Wolfram syndrome, in order to provide reference for the further mechanism research, prevention and treatment of Wolfram syndrome.

Prognosis Analysis of Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#With the aging of the population and the increased importance of lung cancer screening, the number of early-stage lung cancer patients has been on the rise in recent years, which can be classified into operable early-stage lung cancer and inoperable early-stage lung cancer. The most common pathological type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is the optimal treatment for inoperable early-stage NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT and its influencing factors in order to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and improve the survival and quality of life.@*METHODS@#Clinical data and follow-up outcomes of early-stage NSCLC patients treated with SBRT in our hospital from August 2010 to August 2020 were collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the prognosis, and the Cox proportional risk model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 165 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 43.2 (range: 4.8-132.1) mon. The local control (LC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.1%, 94.8% and 86.5% respectively. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score greater than 80 was an independent prognostic factor for LC (P=0.02). The overall survival (OS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 97.6%, 93.0% and 68.9% respectively. A biological equivalent dose when α/β=10 (BED10) greater than 132 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.04). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 93.3%, 79.5% and 55.3% respectively. The distance metastasis free survival (DMFS) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 94.5%, 83.2% and 58.4% respectively. BED10 greater than 150 Gy was an independent prognostic factor for DMFS (P=0.02). The regional control (RC) rates at 1-yr, 2-yr and 5-yr were 98.8%, 95.4% and 87.9% respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SBRT is effective in treating early-stage NSCLC. KPS greater than 80 is an independent prognostic factor for LC; BED10 greater than 132 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for OS; BED10 greater than 150 Gy is an independent prognostic factor for DMFS.

Research progress on immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

The effect of radiotherapy on anti-tumor immunity is bidirectional, immunotherapy, especially the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and radiotherapy, can produce synergistic effects on anti-tumor immunity. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) can achieve high-precision and high-dose irradiation on target lesions, and has stronger anti-tumor immune activation effect. At the same time, due to the steep dose gradient, SABR can better protect the surrounding normal tissues, which is an effective means for the rapid control of local lesions in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs are an important component of standard treatment for advanced NSCLC. There is growing evidence that SABR in combination with ICIs can benefit patients with advanced NSCLC. This article reviews the biological basis and clinical research progress on the combination of these two therapies, aiming to provide reference for the domestic counterparts to better use this new treatment model.

Xylazole inhibits NO-cGMP pathway in fetal rat nerve cells

Background@#Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. @*Methods@#Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. @*Results@#Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. @*Conclusions@#This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.

Clinical study on simultaneous bacterial and fungal culture of bile and pancreatic juice in acute biliary pancreatitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and clinical significance of distribution of bacteria and fungi in pancreatic fluid and bile in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).Methods:The clinical data of patients with ABP who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and pancreatic duct stenting with simultaneous bacterial and fungal culture of bile and pancreatic fluid at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 202 patients, there were 102 males, and 100 females, aged (54±16) years old. Patients were divided into two groups by presence or absence of pancreatic infection: the pancreatic infection group ( n=20) and the non-pancreatic infection group ( n=182). Of the 76 patients with positive bile bacterial cultures, 60 patients with positive pancreatic fluid bacterial cultures were included in the positive pancreatic fluid culture group and 16 patients with negative pancreatic fluid cultures were included in the negative pancreatic fluid culture group. The clinical data including the type and distribution of bacteria cultured, complications, and co-infections of patients were compared. Factors associated with pancreatic infection were analyzed using logistic regression and the value of assessment of the associated factors was analyzed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Of 404 specimens (202 each of pancreatic fluid and bile) were sent for examination, 152 (37.6%) were positive. 174 strains were isolated from the 152 positive specimens, 96 (55.2%) gram-negative, 70 (40.2%) gram-positive and 8 (4.6%) fungal strains. Compared to the pancreatic fluid culture-negative group, patients in the pancreatic fluid culture positive group had a statistically significant ( P<0.05) increased risk of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, duration of fever, Balthazar CT score, complication rate, and development of pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic infection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Compared to patients in the non-pancreatic infection group, patients in the pancreatic infection group had a statistically significant ( P<0.05) increase in duration of fever on admission, duration of fasting, and proportion of patients with combined SIRS, positive bile cultures, positive pancreatic fluid cultures, and diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis showed that positive pancreatic fluid cultures ( OR=6.699, 95% CI: 1.159-38.725) and diabetes mellitus on admission ( OR=4.625, 95% CI: 1.304-16.394) were risk factors for late pancreatic infection ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the combination of both positive pancreatic fluid culture and diabetes mellitus in predicting late pancreatic infection in patients was 0.788, with a specificity of 59.30% and a sensitivity of 90.00%. Conclusions:Bacterial culture in pancreatic juice and bile of ABP patients showed mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Early culture of pancreatic juice and bile had positive significance in ABP evaluation, infection prediction and anti-infection treatment.

Study on hemodynamics of ventricular aneurysm with myocardial infarction by vector flow mapping / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of left ventricular energy loss(EL) and apical wall shear stress(WSS) in patients with ventricular aneurysm by using vector flow mapping (VFM).Methods:Twenty-seven patients with ventricular aneurysm were selected as the case group, and they were divided into the ventricular aneurysm group(16 cases) and ventricular aneurysm thrombus group(11 cases) according to whether the apex of the heart was accompanied by thrombosis. Twenty healthy people were collected as the control group. Ventricular structure and cardiac function parameters were measured and the VFM offline analysis was performed. Systolic and diastolic phases were determined based on time-flow curve(T-F curve) and the open-close of valves, the corresponding left ventricular energy loss and the parameters of the WSS of the apex segment of the heart were obtainedand then compared between groups.Results:①In diastolic and systolic phases, EL values of left ventricular apical segment in ventricular aneurysm group and ventricular aneurysm thrombus group were lower than that in control group (all P<0.05). ②In diastolic phase, the peak WSS values of septal apical, lateral apical and anterior apical segments in ventricular aneurysm group and ventricular aneurysm thrombus group were lower than those in control group (all P<0.05), and the mean WSS of anterior apical segment in aneurysm group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). ③In systolic phase, the peak WSS values of anterior wall in ventricular aneurysm group and ventricular aneurysm thrombus group were lower than those in control group, and the mean WSS of anterior wall in ventricular aneurysm group was lower than that in control group (all P<0.05). The mean WSS of anterior wall in ventricular aneurysm thrombus group was higher than that in ventricular aneurysm group( P<0.05). Conclusions:VFM technology can quantitatively evaluate the EL and WSS of patients with left ventricular aneurysm, and provide a new perspective for further understanding of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular aneurysm with or without thrombus.

Hypoglycemic effects of Tibetan medicine Huidouba in STZ-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Huidouba (HDB) is a Chinese folk medicine used to treat diabetes in Sichuan Province, China. Therefore, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of HDB and its underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that HDB treatment could enhance glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and thus prevent a hyperglycemia state. Methods: To test the hypothesis, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and db/db mice, widely used models of hyperglycemia and insulin-resistant diabetes, were either treated with HDB, metformin, or acarbose. Blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, pancreatic histopathology and serum biochemistry were detected to assess the hypoglycemic effect of HDB. Results: HDB treatments were found to show the effect in reducing glucose levels. HDB also resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and food intake in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. Furthermore, it significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance in the two diabetic mouse models. Importantly, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin immunohistochemistry revealed that HDB treatment improved the function and the location of the cells in the islets compared with the other two treatments. HDB treatment resulted in significant restoration of islet function. Our results illustrated the underlying mechanism of HDB in the progression of diabetes, and HDB can be an effective agent for the treatment of diabetes. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that HDB can reduce blood glucose levels in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice and db/db mice.

Huidouba Ameliorates Kidney Oxidative Stress Injury by Down-regulating Nox4 Expression in Rats with Diabetic Nephropathy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:From a new perspective，to explore therapeutic effect of Huidouba (HDB) on alleviating kidney oxidative damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and provide a scientific basis for developing HDB as a potential Tibetan medicine for treatment of DN. Method:Rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with streptozocin (STZ, 65 mg·kg-1) intraperitoneally to induce DN model, while rats in Blank group were injected with an equal volume of vehicle and fed with normal chow. The successfully modeling DN rats were randomly divided into three groups, 8 rats per group, DN model group (10 mL·kg-1·d-1), Metformin group (0.045 g·kg-1·d-1) and HDB group (0.18 g·kg-1·d-1). Monitor body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) weekly, and collect 24 hours urine before and after medication to examine microalbuminuria (mAlb). Calculate kidney index (KI) after sacrificing, analyze mAlb, serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Histopathology of kidney was observed by Masson staining. Lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit was used to examine MDA content in kidney tissue. Nox4, as a subtype of triphosphopyridine nucleotide (NADPH) oxidase family was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay of kidney tissue. Result:Compared with blank group, levels of FBG, 24 h mAlb, SCr, BUN and MDA in DN model group were increased (P<0.01), tissue damage was obvious and Nox4 expression in glumeruli was increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with DN model group, levels of FBG, 24 h mAlb, SCr, BUN and MDA in drug administration groups were decreased (P<0.01), kidney injury was alleviated and Nox4 expression was down-regulated（P<0.01）. Conclusion:HDB as a Yiqiyangyin Tibetan medicine, could ease oxidative stress injury of kidney and reduce proteinuria in DN rats, thus prevent the development of DN. Its mechanism is closely related to down-regulating Nox4 expression of kidney tissue in DN rats.

3.0T MR unilateral hip scanning and arthroscopy in diagnosis of ligamentum teres tears / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To investigate the value of 3.0T MR unilateral hip scan in the diagnosis of ligamentum teres tears. Methods: Data of preoperative MRI and hip arthroscopy of 41 patients with chronic hip pain were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative MRI included bilateral hip scans and unilateral hip scans. Taken arthroscopy as the gold standard, the differences of diagnosis of ligamentum teres tears were compared between bilateral and unilateral MR hip scans. Results: Hip arthroscopy confirmed ligamentum teres tears in 34 hips, while unilateral hip MRI showed normal in 4 hips, 7 hips were normal, while unilateral hip MRI showed partial tear of ligamentum teres in 1 hip. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of bilateral hip MR scanning was 58.82% (20/34), 88.24% (30/34), 57.14% (4/7), 85.71% (6/7) and 86.96% (20/23), while of unilateral hip MR scan were 96.77% (30/31), 22.22% (4/18), 60.00% (6/10), 58.54% (24/41) and 87.80% (36/41), respectively for diagnosing ligamentum teres tears. Unilateral hip scanning had larger AUC than bilateral hip scan (P=0.02). Conclusion: 3.0T MR unilateral hip scan is has good value for diagnosis of ligamentum teres tears.

Clinical study on the short-term outcome of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of management of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis,and to evaluate the effect of probiotics on asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and analyze the benefit gained by those patients.METHODS: A multicenter,randomized,double-blind,controlled study was performed with probiotics in test group,and placebo in control group,from september 2013 to september 2016 in 4 hospitals.Forty five patients in test group were treated with vaginal capsule probiotics,and placebo was used in forty-five patients in control group.The follow-up in both groups lasted for 4 weeks.Cure rate,relapse rate and progression rate in both groups were analyzed to evaluate the effect and the benefits gained by patients.RESULTS: Ninty patients were recruited in the study,and seventy-nine patients finished the study and were followed up with complete information.Two weeks after the treatment,in FAS the cure rate in test group was significantly higher than that of the control(44.4% vs. 6.7%,P0.05).In PPS,the cure rate in test group was significantly higher than that of the control(52.5% vs. 2.6%,P0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,there was no relapsed patient.Four weeks after the treatment,in FAS the cure rate in test group was significantly higher than that of the control(46.7% vs. 8.9%,P0.05).In PPS,the cure rate in test group was significantly higher than that of the control(57.5% vs. 5.1%,P0.05).Four weeks after the treatment,there was no relapsed patient,either.CONCLUSION: Vaginal capsule probiotics can be used to treat asymptomatic BV with high cure rate,less side effect and low relapse rate.

Application and prospects of butylphthalide for the treatment of neurologic diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE@#The 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) comprises one of the chemical constituents of celery oil. It has a series of pharmacologic mechanisms including reconstructing microcirculation, protecting mitochondrial function, inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, etc. Based on the complex multi-targets of pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP, the clinical application of NBP is increasing and more clinical researches and animal experiments are also focused on NBP. The aim of this review was to comprehensively and systematically summarize the application of NBP on neurologic diseases and briefly summarize its application to non-neurologic diseases. Moreover, recent progress in experimental models of NBP on animals was summarized.@*DATA SOURCES@#Literature was collected from PubMed and Wangfang database until November 2018, using the search terms including "3-N-butylphthalide," "microcirculation," "mitochondria," "ischemic stroke," "Alzheimer disease," "vascular dementia," "Parkinson disease," "brain edema," "CO poisoning," "traumatic central nervous system injury," "autoimmune disease," "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," "seizures," "diabetes," "diabetic cataract," and "atherosclerosis."@*STUDY SELECTION@#Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and partly derived from Chinese articles. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' files.@*RESULTS@#NBP has become an important adjunct for ischemic stroke. In vascular dementia, the clinical application of NBP to treat severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by the hypoperfusion of brain tissue during cerebrovascular disease is also increasing. Evidence also suggests that NBP has a therapeutic effect for neurodegenerative diseases. Many animal experiments have found that it can also improve symptoms in other neurologic diseases such as epilepsy, cerebral edema, and decreased cognitive function caused by severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Moreover, NBP has therapeutic effects for diabetes, diabetes-induced cataracts, and non-neurologic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, NBP mainly improves microcirculation and protects mitochondria. Its broad pharmacologic effects also include inhibiting oxidative stress, nerve cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The varied pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP involve many complex molecular mechanisms; however, there many unknown pharmacologic effects await further study.

Effect of Compound Longmaining on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of compound Longmaining isoprenaline hydrochloride-induced myocardial infarction model and its effect on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.Method: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal group,model group,compound salvia miltiorrhiza drop pill group (0.072 9 g·kg-1),and low,medium and high-dose compound Longmaining decoction groups (0.36,0.71,1.43 g·kg-1).The acute myocardial infarction model was induced through subcutaneous injection with isoproterenol.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),monocyte chemotaxis protein-1(MCP-1) and nitrogen (NO) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression levels of inhibitors of NF-κB kinase subunit-β(IKKβ),NF-κB inhibitor α(IκBα),TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB p65 were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Result: Compared with normal group,the myocardial injury in model group was obvious.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MCP-1 and NO in serum increased significantly (PκBα decreased significantly (Pβ,TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB p65 increased significantly in myocardial tissue (Pβ,IL-6,TNF-α,MCP-1 and NO levels in the serum (PκBα(Pβ,TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB p65(PConclusion: Compound Longmaining plays a protective effect on acute myocardial infarction by regulatingthe expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and relevant inflammatory factors.

Application and prospects of butylphthalide for the treatment of neurologic diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Objective@#The 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) comprises one of the chemical constituents of celery oil. It has a series of pharmacologic mechanisms including reconstructing microcirculation, protecting mitochondrial function, inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, etc. Based on the complex multi-targets of pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP, the clinical application of NBP is increasing and more clinical researches and animal experiments are also focused on NBP. The aim of this review was to comprehensively and systematically summarize the application of NBP on neurologic diseases and briefly summarize its application to non-neurologic diseases. Moreover, recent progress in experimental models of NBP on animals was summarized.@*Data sources@#Literature was collected from PubMed and Wangfang database until November 2018, using the search terms including "3-N-butylphthalide," "microcirculation," "mitochondria," "ischemic stroke," "Alzheimer disease," "vascular dementia," "Parkinson disease," "brain edema," "CO poisoning," "traumatic central nervous system injury," "autoimmune disease," "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," "seizures," "diabetes," "diabetic cataract," and "atherosclerosis."@*Study selection@#Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and partly derived from Chinese articles. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors’ files.@*Results@#NBP has become an important adjunct for ischemic stroke. In vascular dementia, the clinical application of NBP to treat severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by the hypoperfusion of brain tissue during cerebrovascular disease is also increasing. Evidence also suggests that NBP has a therapeutic effect for neurodegenerative diseases. Many animal experiments have found that it can also improve symptoms in other neurologic diseases such as epilepsy, cerebral edema, and decreased cognitive function caused by severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Moreover, NBP has therapeutic effects for diabetes, diabetes-induced cataracts, and non-neurologic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, NBP mainly improves microcirculation and protects mitochondria. Its broad pharmacologic effects also include inhibiting oxidative stress, nerve cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects.@*Conclusions@#The varied pharmacologic mechanisms of NBP involve many complex molecular mechanisms; however, there many unknown pharmacologic effects await further study.

DNA vaccines: mechanisms of action / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In 1990, Wolff et al. reported that DNA was examined as a gene therapy tool, and emerged as a promising therapy after observations that simple injection of naked plasmid DNA and RNA led to profound transgene expression in vivo.DNA vaccines are recognized for harboring several distinguishing characteristics and advantages (including low cost, ease and rapidity of manufacturing, and stability) making them a method for addressing global health threats in the future. OBJECTIVE: To review the status and research progress of DNA vaccines in the view of mechanism of action: innate immune signaling from bacterial DNA, transfecting somatic cell by DNA vaccines, cross-presentation and cross-activation, transfecting antigen presenting cells by DNA vaccines, and apoptosis. METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases of PubMed and CNKI for the articles concerning DNA vaccines published between January 2000 and June 2017 using the keywords of "DNA vaccine, gene vaccine, plasmid DNA, cross-presentation, transfection, apoptosis"in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 105 literatures were searched, and 47 eligible articles were included in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in humans has been limited by low expression levels of antigen, in comparison with the conventional protein vaccines in the past two decades. Studies on the mechanism of action of DNA vaccines in terms of antigen-presenting cell types able to cross-present DNA-encoded antigens, the activation of innate immune responses due to DNA itself and induction of cell apoptosis have suggested the opportunities to increase the immunogenicity of these vaccines.

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Cholesterol Based on Signal Amplification of Graphene / 分析化学

An electrochemical sensor was fabricated for determination of cholesterol ( ChO ) based on the molecularly imprinting and signal amplification of graphene. The sensor was prepared by electropolymerizing phenol on the surface of graphene modified glassy carbon electrode with ChO as template. The structure, properties and molecular imprinting effect of the imprinted membrane were studied by SEM, CV and DPV. The results showed that the sensor had good selectivity and high sensitivity to cholesterol. The calibration graph for the determination of cholesterol was linear in the range of 8. 0 × 10-8-2. 0 × 10-4 mol/L, with the detection limit (S/N=3) of 5. 6×10-8 mol/L. The sensor was applied to the determination of cholesterol in human serum samples with satisfactory results.

Effect of compound Longmaining decoction with different combinations on intestinal absorption of puerarin / 中国中药杂志

To study the effects of compound Longmaining(FFLMN) with different combinations on the intestinal absorption of puerarin. The rat single pass intestinal perfusion model was adopted, and the concentration of puerarin in intestinal samples was determined by HPLC. The effects of different combination groups on the absorption of puerarin in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were investigated. The combined drugs were GG(Puerariae Lobatae Radix), GG-CSL (Puerariae Lobatae Radix compared with Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma), GG-CX(Puerariae Lobatae Radix compared with Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and FFLMN (compound Longmaining). We found that the absorption rate constant(Ka) and the apparent coefficient(Papp) of puerarin had no significant difference between GG-CSL and FFLMN groups, but significantly higher in GG and GG-CX groups(P<0.05) in the duodenum and ileum. In jejunum and colon, Ka and Papp of puerarin showed significant differences between GG and other groups(P<0.05). At the same time, FFLMN also had significant differences with GG-CSL and GG-CX groups(P<0.05). The results showed that in the whole intestine of rats, FFLMN could significantly promote the absorption of puerarin. In the duodenum and ileum, Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma played a significant role in promoting absorption of puerarin. In jejunum and colon, Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma have a synergistic effect in promoting absorption of puerarin.

Clinical study of extra intestinal damage after rotavirus infection in infants / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence of extra intestinal organ damage in infants with acute rotavirus (RV) infection,the relative risk factors in patients with extra intestinal organ damage,the significance of procalcitonin(PCT)in those infants with multiple organ injury.Methods One hundred and three infants with acute diarrhea whose rotavirus antigens were positive and 65 negative ones were divided into two groups.The differences between these two groups in incidences of extra intestinal organ damage were analyzed.Meanwhile,variables from the clinical data that may lead to extra intestinal organ damage were analyzed.Then,the relationship of multiple organ damage and serum concentration of PCT was also analyzed.Results There were significant differences between positive group and negative group in the rates of respiratory system injury,myocardial damage and hepatic involvement (P ＜ 0.05).High fever was the only high risk factor in myocardial damage through multi factor Logistic regression analysis.There were also significant differences among the group with multiple organ damage and only one extra intestinal organ damage and no extra intestinal organ damage in serum concentration of PCT(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is common to be attacked by extra intestinal organ damage in infants with acute rotavirus infection.High fever is the risk factor for RV enteritis complicated with myocardial damage.The elevation of PCT concentration suggest that multiple organ injury out of the intestinal tract may take place in infants with acute RV infection.

Curcumin Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation of Young Mice through Inhibiting the Activation of p38 MAPK and AKT / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the effects of dietary curcumin on the prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflamma?tion in young mice for simulating the allergic airway inflammation of 3-12 years old children.[Methods]The 4 weeks young female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8): Control group, Model group and curcumin group (800 mg curcumin/ kg diet). 24 h after the last OVA challenge, the symptoms of mice in each group were observed, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalve?olar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, various kinds of blood cells were detected, the inflammatory cells around the peribronchial ar?eas stained by H&E and the goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs stained by PAS were analyzed. Additionally, the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the BALF and the total IgE level in the plasma were detected by ELISA, and the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT was measured by western blot.[Results]The mice of model group showed the symptoms of allergic airway inflammation, such as repeatedly scratched the noses, showed nodding breath, notably, the weight of model mice was decreased significantly during the OVA challenge phase, while the symptoms mentioned above were alleviated in curcurmin group. The blood cells test found that the curcumin could in?hibit the elevation of the eosinophils significantly (P<0.05). Dietary curcumin treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cells in the BALF and peribronchial areas, and the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels in the BALF were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by curcumin treatment, and the dietary curcumin inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and AKT sig?naling.[Conclusions]Dietary curcumin can alleviate the allergic airway inflammation of young mice, which may through inhibiting the transduction of p-38 MAPK and AKT signaling.

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Cholesterol Based on Signal Amplification of Graphene / 分析化学

An electrochemical sensor was fabricated for determination of cholesterol ( ChO ) based on the molecularly imprinting and signal amplification of graphene. The sensor was prepared by electropolymerizing phenol on the surface of graphene modified glassy carbon electrode with ChO as template. The structure, properties and molecular imprinting effect of the imprinted membrane were studied by SEM, CV and DPV. The results showed that the sensor had good selectivity and high sensitivity to cholesterol. The calibration graph for the determination of cholesterol was linear in the range of 8. 0 × 10-8-2. 0 × 10-4 mol/L, with the detection limit (S/N=3) of 5. 6×10-8 mol/L. The sensor was applied to the determination of cholesterol in human serum samples with satisfactory results.